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Glossolepis incisus Salmon Red Rainbowfish

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Description

Glossolepis incisus Salmon Red RainbowfishWeber, 1908 Salmon Red Rainbowfish Species Summary Female Glossolepis incisus have a yellowish olive body colour with a golden iridescence to the scales, and clear fins. The males on the other hand are brilliant, the entire body and fins are a bright salmon red colour. Some of the scales have a silvery sheen, which creates a most unusual effect over the red background colour. Young fish are all rather dull in colour, being an overall olive greenish

Weber, 1908
Salmon-Red Rainbowfish

 

Species Summary
Female Glossolepis incisus have a yellowish olive body colour with a golden iridescence to the scales, and clear fins. The males on the other hand are brilliant, the entire body and fins are a bright salmon-red colour. Some of the scales have a silvery sheen, which creates a most unusual effect over the red background colour. Young fish are all rather dull in colour, being an overall olive greenish colour with a trace of silvery sheen. However, once the fish reach a length of 4 to 5 cm the males begin to colour up. Once the colour change begins to occur it progresses quite rapidly. By the time the fish are 7 to 8 cm long the males should have their full intense red colouration. Males are typically deeper bodied than females and have a high rounded back which gives them the appearance of having a relatively small head and disproportionately large eyes. Males may reach a maximum size of 15 cm, but females are usually less than 12 cm.

Glossolepis differ from other melanotaeniids by a combination of characters which includes distinctly crenulate scale margins, a high gill raker count, spine at the beginning of the second dorsal fin taller than first spine of first dorsal fin, relatively elongate pectoral fins, a unique premaxillary dentition and characteristic profile of the head, nape, and dorsal and anal fins.


Lake Sentani - photo© Gary Lange


Distribution & Habitat
Glossolepis incisus are found only in Lake Sentani. Lake Sentani is located some 10 kilometres west of Jayapura at the NE extremity of West Papua. It is an irregularly shaped lake with approximate dimensions of 28 km (E-W) by 19 km (N-S) and a surface area of 104 km². Its blue-green waters are dotted with at least 16 small islands, and it is surrounded by hillsides in the south and the Cyclops Mountains in the north, which separate the lake from the Pacific Ocean. Lake Sentani is by far the largest of the West Papuan lakes and has a catchment area of about 600 km². About 35 small rivers flow into the lake, and there is one natural outlet in the south-eastern tip, via the Jafuri and Tami rivers to the Pacific Ocean near the Papua New Guinea border. The lake is divided into three main sections with recorded depths of 7 to 52 metres. According to surveys in 1970-71, 1984 and 1987 the lake is thermally unstratified, with surface temperatures of 29-32°C and pH 6.2-6.8. Rainbowfishes are generally found around the margins of the lake. Large numbers are found congregating around submerged aquatic vegetation, fallen tree branches etc.

The overall abundance of Glossolepis incisus was considered high in Lake Sentani during surveys in November-December 2009, July-November 2010 and October 2011, with more than 30 individuals per site per visit, collected during a three-year survey (Ohee 2013). The highest abundance was found at water depths of 0-60 cm and in the early morning, 06.00-09.00 am, and afternoon, around 16.00-18.00 pm. Some fish were also detected at around a depth of two meters, as well as some at depths exceeding two meters. Local spearfishermen reported seeing Glossolepis incisus in even deeper water, while seine fishermen were observed catching them. However, the low number of individuals found in both cases suggests that although they can be found in such deep water, the occurrence is rare. Fish were collected along the shoreline of the lake and mouths of two creeks, namely Waena Creek and Jembatan II Creek. Fish with smaller body lengths (<90 mm SL) tended to occupy the very shallow area near the shoreline, while fish with larger bodies (>90 mm SL) were rare along the shoreline. The mean body lengths (SL) of the collected specimens were 65.52-70.72 mm.


Glossolepis incisus (males) - photo© Hristo Hristov


Male Glossolepis incisus were more abundant than females in the shallow waters along the shoreline, the latter being found more commonly in deeper waters. Moreover, they usually avoided high light intensities by moving to shaded areas or deeper water. Therefore, fish were rarely found in shallow waters during periods of high light intensity, such as from late-morning to mid-afternoon, having moved to deeper waters. In cases where they remained near the surface, they had moved to shadowed areas, such as under stilt houses or amongst submerged plants. The substrate of the lake consists of mud and sand, and water plants grow in shallow areas to cover 25% of the lake's area.

Glossolepis incisus are known to prefer habitats with submerged plants, roots, and wood debris, which are all commonly found along the shorelines. In Lake Sentani, various types of terrestrial vegetation were also found along the shoreline. The vegetation grows naturally, or is planted by people who reside in the area. Generally, the fish were abundant amongst the roots of some plants, such as the Sago Palm (Metroxylon sagu), or large trees, such as Ficus spp., as well as grasses. Large trees also provided shade for the fish. Hydrilla verticillata was the most ubiquitous water plant, being found in most locations. Hydrilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum, Myriophyllum, Potamogeton and Vallisneria are some aquatic plants found in the deeper parts of the lake, while water lilies (Nymphaea, Nymphoides), Ipomoea aquatica, Bulrushes, and floating aquatic plants Eichhornia crassipes, Salvinia molesta and Lemna are found in the shallow parts. Eichhornia crassipes is the most common plant and is found throughout the entirety of Lake Sentani, often disturbing water-based transportation. Pandanus and Sago (Metroxylon sagu) grow on the shore.

The overall habitat preference of Glossolepis incisus was clear, shallow water, sand, gravel, and cobble substrate, and shoaling amidst Hydrilla verticillata, Valisneria, Eichhornia crassipes, Metroxylon sagu, and grasses. The availability of food also attracted fish to certain areas, such as under the traditional stilt houses, roots of some plants, litter, and wood debris. The pollen of terrestrial plants, as well as terrestrial insects, also served as a food source for the fish, along with the larvae of aquatic insects and algae. Roots of plants were also important for refuge. These factors influenced their distribution and habitat selection, and consequently, its abundance (Ohee 2013).

Unfortunately, because of its proximity to the provincial capital Jayapura and the large population around it, Sentani is no longer the pristine lake it once was. Despite the fact that Lake Sentani has been identified as an important ecosystem for species conservation (Conservation International 1999; Polhemus et al. 2004), the area remains under no protection. Meanwhile, human activities surrounding the lake have led to noticeable deforestation around it, water pollution, and the introduction of exotic species. Although Glossolepis incisus has been largely unaffected by the present concentrations of pollutants in Lake Sentani, the continuing human population growth around the lake will result in concentrations that will be hazardous to Glossolepis incisus and its co-inhabitants.

Reference

https://rainbowfish.angfaqld.org.au/Incisus.htm

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kg
Waukegan, US
★★★★★ 4
Great Frother - almost too powerful
Color: Black, Size: Rechargeable
I’ve been using the Tyohur InstaWhisk milk frother for a while now, and overall I really like it—but I wouldn’t quite give it 5 stars, and honestly it’s because it might be a little too powerful for its own good. First, the positives: this frother does an amazing job. The single-button control is super easy to use, and I love that you can adjust the speed just by how much pressure you apply. It feels very intuitive, and you can really dial in the exact texture you want. Whether I’m making a latte or mixing something thicker like a protein drink, it handles everything smoothly. The performance is seriously impressive. On the lower speeds, it creates nice, silky foam, and when you turn it up, it’s incredibly fast—like café-quality foam in seconds. High-speed frothers like this are designed to create rich foam very quickly, and this one definitely delivers on that promise That said, the power is also what knocks it down a star for me. If you’re not careful (especially when using higher speeds), it can splash pretty easily. The product description says it’s designed to prevent mess with stable low-RPM operation, and that’s true if you stay on the lower settings—but once you ramp it up, you really need to keep the whisk fully submerged or start slow, or it can send milk flying out of the container
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Reviewed in the United States on May 23, 2026
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GN Phx
Port Orchard, US
★★★★★ 5
Great frother and well built
Color: Black, Size: Rechargeable
I don’t usually write reviews, but since I’ve been helped by so many reviews from others, I wanted to share my thoughts on the InstaWhisk Milk Frother. This is a great frother. It really whips cream into a tasty, rich froth. My wife and I have tried cheaper battery-operated frothers in the past, and while they worked fine at first, they didn’t last very long. The InstaWhisk feels well built and works great. Pro tip: The frother may be a little too powerful at normal speed, so you might need to lightly “feather” the power button to keep the liquid from overflowing the cup. Once you get used to it, it works really well.
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Reviewed in the United States on June 6, 2026
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Ken
Pawtucket, US
★★★★★ 5
Great frother/stirrer especially for the price.
Color: Black, Size: Rechargeable
Best one available. Have used cheap ones from the store that work pretty good, but batteries are a pain. This is rechargeable and it has a push button that allows you to start it right away without having to turn it on to start it kind of like a power drill. If you start to press it it goes slow the harder you press the faster it goes. The different attachments are great. We use it for both coffee frothing as well as mixing up electrolyte drinks with water with the included mixing attachment. Crazy powerful and easy to use.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 9, 2026
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Techie
Bozeman, US
★★★★★ 5
Strong motor. Works great
Color: Black, Size: Rechargeable
I really like this frother. The fact that it’s variable speed, rechargeable, and can spin at a high rate are all great features. I use it to blend collagen powder and cream into my coffee every morning. Also sometimes use it to Blend drinks. Strong motor. Like that the whisks are removable for cleaning and that it comes with different ones.
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Reviewed in the United States on April 9, 2026
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John Wagner
San Leandro, US
★★★★★ 4
Works well, long use on single charge, high torque - be careful when starting
Color: Black, Size: Rechargeable
Not the most inexpensive powered whisker bur I've used other Typhor products and found them reliable for the task designed. I fell they don't cheap out on the rechargeable battery so I don't fell they will catch fire, as we are hearing about from other cheaper rechargeable items. I liked 2 things about this model the speed control is by a pressure single switch which I can control, not just pick speed 1,2,3. The swappable tips allow for different uses. I don't drink coffee but use the item to whisk eggs for an omelets and it has the torque to mix them without effort. In Fact need to only use half power else it will splatter out of my mixing vessel.
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Reviewed in the United States on June 7, 2026

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